Author Dr. John R. T. Lamont, Ph. D., a Canadian Catholic philosopher and theologian, in the article "Considerations on the dubia of the four cardinals" for Rorate Caeli explains the Catholic dubia process and the possibility that Pope Francis could be removed from office. He said: "Some might argue that the dubia and other criticisms of Amoris Laetitia that have been made already suffice as warnings to Pope Francis, and hence that he can now be judged to be guilty of the canonical crime of heresy. These criticisms might be said to make it clear to informed observers that Pope Francis is in fact a heretic rather than simply in error. But for juridical purposes – especially for the very serious purpose of judging a Pope to be a heretic – they do not suffice. The evidence needed for a juridical judgment of such gravity has to take a form that is entirely clear and beyond dispute. A formal warning from a number of members of the College of Cardinals that is then disr